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Compounded Annual Growth Rate Formula (Table of Contents)

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What is the Compounded Annual Growth Rate Formula?

The compounded annual growth rate smooths out the return and indicates how much an investor has earned over the investment term, assuming all the earnings within that period are reinvested at the same rate. Because of this smoothing effect, it helps us compare data sets with different levels of volatility. It is very frequently used for the purpose of financial analysis.

Ending Investment Amount = Start Amount (1 + CAGR) ^ Number of Years

The formula for Compounded Annual Growth Rate –

CAGR = (Ending Investment Amount / Start Amount) ^ (1 / Number of Years) – 1

This formula is applicable if the investment is compounded annually, which means that we are reinvesting the money annually. But sometimes, we want to calculate the rate where the compounding is happening quarterly, monthly, or daily. So for that, we use the below formula:

Ending Investment Amount = Start Amount (1 + CAGR / Compounding Frequency) ^ (Number of Years * Compounding Frequency)

So, a formula for Compounded Annual Growth Rate –

CAGR = Compounding Frequency * ((Ending Investment Amount / Start Amount) ^ (1 / (Number of Years * Compounding Frequency)) – 1)

Compounding Frequency:

Semiannual Compounding: 2

Quarterly Compounding: 4

Monthly frequency: 12 and so on

Examples of CAGR Formula (With Excel Template)

Let’s take an example to understand the calculation of the CAGR Formula in a better manner.

You can download this Compounded Annual Growth Rate Excel Template here – Compounded Annual Growth Rate Excel Template

CAGR Formula – Example #1

Let’s say you invested $1000 in mutual funds 3 years ago. Following is the return which you have got for these 3 years:

1st year, you got a 20% increase in value. So the total value is $1200 at the end of 1st year

2nd year, you got a 10% increase in value. So the total value is $1320 at the end of 2nd year

3rd year, you got a 10% increase in value. So the total value is $1452 at the end of 3rd year

CAGR = (Ending Investment Amount / Start Amount) ^ (1/ Number of Years) – 1

CAGR = ($1,452 / $1,000) ^ (1 / 3) – 1

CAGR = 13.24%

The annual return for all three years varies, but the compounded annual growth rate provides a single rate that allows us to compare different investment opportunities.

CAGR Formula – Example #2

Let’s say you have invested $1000 in the bank and want to keep the money in the bank for 4 years. Now let’s say the total amount you get after 4 years is $2500. A bank is offering a rate with monthly compounding. Calculate CAGR.

The formula to calculate CAGR is as below:

CAGR = 12 * (($2,500 / $1,000) ^ (1 / (4*12)) – 1)

CAGR = 23.13%

So compounded annual growth rate is 23.13%.

Explanation of Compounded Annual Growth Rate Formula

Although the compound annual growth rate is the annual rate for the investment, it is only a theoretical figure and is not the true return. The major assumption here is that all the earnings are getting reinvested at the same rate for the investment period, but the rate will not remain for all the years, and we may not invest our money at the same rate. So it is only the representative rate that tells us what we might end up with if all the money is reinvested at that rate at the end of each year. So there are some key points that we should take into consideration while using compounded annual growth rate.

Also, we will be careful about an investment that is long in period. For example, if an investment period is very long, say 20 years, the compounded annual interest rate might give us the wrong indication because it can happen that we are not earning any profits during the first 15 years, and all the returns are coming in the last period. Earning no profits for 15 years is unacceptable for any business to sustain.

Similarly, suppose two investment opportunities have the same CAGR. In that case, it can be the case that one is more attracted than the other because growth in one is happening in the initial period while for the other, it is concentrated at the end of the period.

Relevance and Uses of Compounded Annual Growth Rate Formula

The compound annual growth rate is helpful in calculating the average growth rate of the investment and can help in comparing different investments. As we have seen in the above example, the year-to-year growth of investment is uneven and erratic. But using compounded annual growth rate, the return smoothens out. Another factor that makes compounded annual growth rate a critical method in determining an investment’s growth is that it considers the compounding effect, which the annual return rate doesn’t. Compounded annual rate does not give us the actual picture of the return since it only calculates the return on the principal amount and ignores the interest on the interest component. However, this is not the case with the compounded annual growth rate.

Compounded Annual Growth Rate Formula Calculator

You can use the following Compounded Annual Growth Rate Calculator

Ending Investment Amount Start Amount No. of Years CAGR CAGR = [(Ending Investment Amount / Start Amount) 1 /No. of Years-1] = [(

)1 /

-1] =